Do I need to back up the cameras or the router first?
You usually need both, along with any recorder or PoE switch involved. A camera that stays powered while the rest of the signal chain fails does not deliver useful monitoring.
How long should a battery backup keep a security system running?
That depends on your outage goals. Some users only need short coverage for graceful transition, while others want hours of continuous monitoring. The right answer comes from the actual total load and runtime target.
Is a UPS better than a portable power station for security systems?
Often yes for smaller always-on security loads, especially when clean output and compact battery backup are the main need. Portable power stations become more useful when runtime targets grow or the backup plan expands beyond the security stack.
Can I back up only the recorder and ignore the internet?
You can, but remote alerts, remote viewing, and cloud-connected features may fail if the modem and router are not also covered. Decide whether local recording only is enough for your use case.